Furring Strip Siding: A Comprehensive Guide to Elevating Your Home’s Exterior
Furring strip siding, often a seemingly simple element in construction, plays a pivotal role in the longevity, energy efficiency, and aesthetic appeal of your home. More than just strips of wood, they form the backbone of a well-ventilated, durable, and visually striking exterior. This comprehensive guide will delve into the intricacies of furring strip siding, covering everything from its fundamental purpose to installation techniques, material choices, maintenance considerations, and innovative design applications. Whether you’re a seasoned contractor, a dedicated DIY enthusiast, or simply a homeowner looking to understand the nuances of your home’s exterior, this article provides a wealth of information to guide you through the world of furring strip siding.
What Are Furring Strips and Why Are They Important?
Furring strips, also known as strapping, are thin strips of wood or other materials (such as metal or plastic) that are attached to a wall or ceiling to create a level surface for attaching siding, paneling, or other finishing materials. In the context of siding, furring strips are typically installed vertically on the exterior walls, creating a gap between the sheathing and the siding material. This seemingly small gap is crucial for several reasons:
Creating a Rainscreen System
One of the primary benefits of using furring strips with siding is the creation of a rainscreen system. A rainscreen is an exterior wall construction detail that incorporates a space between the siding and the sheathing to allow for drainage and ventilation. When rain penetrates the siding (which it inevitably will, even with the best weatherproofing), the rainscreen provides a path for the water to drain down the wall and out at the bottom, preventing it from becoming trapped behind the siding and causing damage.
Promoting Ventilation
The gap created by furring strips allows for continuous airflow behind the siding. This ventilation helps to dry out any moisture that may have penetrated the siding or accumulated from condensation. Proper ventilation is critical for preventing mold growth, wood rot, and other moisture-related problems that can compromise the structural integrity of your home and lead to costly repairs. The continuous airflow also helps regulate the temperature of the wall assembly, potentially reducing energy costs.
Equalizing Pressure
The rainscreen also helps to equalize pressure between the exterior and interior of the wall. During wind-driven rain events, the pressure on the exterior of the wall can be significantly higher than the pressure on the interior. The rainscreen allows some of this pressure to equalize, reducing the force driving water into the wall assembly.
Providing a Nailing Surface
Furring strips provide a solid and consistent nailing surface for attaching the siding. This is especially important when working with siding materials that require precise and secure fastening. The furring strips ensure that the siding is properly attached to the wall, preventing warping, buckling, or other problems that can occur when siding is not properly installed.
Correcting Imperfections
Even seemingly straight walls can have minor imperfections or irregularities. Furring strips can be used to correct these imperfections, creating a perfectly level surface for the siding. This is particularly useful when working with older homes or homes with uneven framing.
Choosing the Right Furring Strip Material
The choice of furring strip material is crucial and depends on several factors, including the type of siding being used, the climate, and the budget. Here’s a breakdown of common options:
Wood Furring Strips
Wood is the most traditional and widely used material for furring strips. It’s readily available, relatively inexpensive, and easy to work with. However, not all wood is created equal. When choosing wood furring strips, it’s essential to select a species that is resistant to rot and decay, especially if you live in a humid climate. Pressure-treated lumber is often recommended for its enhanced resistance to moisture and insects. Cedar and redwood are also naturally durable options, although they tend to be more expensive. Consider the potential for warping and twisting, and ensure the wood is properly dried before installation. Kiln-dried lumber is generally preferred as it has a lower moisture content and is less likely to warp.
Metal Furring Strips
Metal furring strips, typically made of galvanized steel or aluminum, offer several advantages over wood. They are impervious to rot, insects, and fire, making them a highly durable and long-lasting option. Metal furring strips are also dimensionally stable, meaning they won’t warp or twist over time. However, they can be more expensive than wood and may require specialized tools for cutting and fastening. They also conduct heat more readily than wood, which can potentially affect the energy efficiency of the wall assembly in extreme climates. When using metal furring strips, it’s crucial to ensure they are properly grounded to prevent electrical hazards.
Plastic Furring Strips
Plastic furring strips, typically made of PVC or other synthetic materials, are a relatively new option that is gaining popularity. They offer many of the same advantages as metal, including resistance to rot, insects, and moisture. Plastic furring strips are also lightweight, easy to handle, and can be cut with standard woodworking tools. However, they can be more expensive than wood and may not be as strong as metal. They are also susceptible to UV degradation over time, so it’s important to choose a product that is designed for exterior use and has a UV-resistant coating. Consider the environmental impact of plastic materials as well, and opt for recycled or recyclable options whenever possible.
Composite Furring Strips
Composite furring strips, often made from a blend of wood fibers and recycled plastic, offer a balance of durability, affordability, and environmental friendliness. They are resistant to rot and insects, and they are less likely to warp or twist than wood. Composite furring strips are also easy to work with and can be cut and fastened with standard woodworking tools. However, they may not be as strong as metal or as readily available as wood. They can also be more expensive than wood, although the long-term benefits may outweigh the initial cost.
Preparing for Furring Strip Installation
Proper preparation is essential for a successful furring strip installation. This includes assessing the existing wall, choosing the right materials and tools, and planning the layout of the furring strips.
Assessing the Existing Wall
Before installing furring strips, it’s crucial to thoroughly inspect the existing wall sheathing. Look for signs of damage, such as rot, mold, or insect infestation. Repair or replace any damaged sheathing before proceeding. Also, check the wall for plumb and level. If the wall is significantly out of plumb or level, you may need to shim the furring strips to create a flat and even surface for the siding.
Choosing the Right Tools and Materials
The tools and materials needed for furring strip installation will vary depending on the type of furring strips being used and the siding material being installed. However, some essential tools include:
- Tape measure
- Level
- Square
- Saw (circular saw or hand saw)
- Drill
- Screws or nails (appropriate for the type of furring strips and sheathing)
- Safety glasses
- Dust mask
In addition to the furring strips themselves, you’ll also need appropriate fasteners. For wood furring strips, galvanized nails or screws are recommended. For metal furring strips, self-tapping screws are often used. For plastic furring strips, follow the manufacturer’s recommendations. Ensure the fasteners are long enough to penetrate the sheathing and provide a secure hold.
Planning the Layout
The spacing of the furring strips will depend on the type of siding being used and the manufacturer’s recommendations. Typically, furring strips are spaced 16 or 24 inches on center. It’s important to follow the manufacturer’s guidelines to ensure that the siding is properly supported and that the rainscreen system functions effectively. Plan the layout carefully, ensuring that the furring strips are aligned vertically and that they are properly supported at the top and bottom of the wall. Consider any openings, such as windows and doors, and adjust the layout accordingly.
Installing Furring Strips: A Step-by-Step Guide
Installing furring strips is a relatively straightforward process, but it requires careful attention to detail. Here’s a step-by-step guide:
Step 1: Marking the Layout
Using a tape measure and level, mark the location of the furring strips on the wall sheathing. Start at one corner of the wall and work your way across, ensuring that the strips are spaced evenly and vertically aligned. Use a chalk line to create straight lines for the furring strips.
Step 2: Attaching the Furring Strips
Align the first furring strip with the marked line and attach it to the sheathing using screws or nails. Ensure that the furring strip is plumb and level before securing it. Use shims if necessary to correct any imperfections in the wall. Repeat this process for each furring strip, ensuring that they are all properly aligned and securely fastened.
Step 3: Creating Ventilation Openings
To ensure proper ventilation, it’s important to create openings at the top and bottom of the wall for air to enter and exit the rainscreen. This can be done by leaving a small gap between the furring strips and the top and bottom plates of the wall. Alternatively, you can install specialized ventilation strips that are designed to allow airflow while preventing insects and debris from entering the rainscreen. Consider local building codes and best practices for ventilation requirements.
Step 4: Inspecting the Installation
Once all the furring strips are installed, carefully inspect the installation to ensure that everything is plumb, level, and securely fastened. Check for any gaps or imperfections that could compromise the performance of the rainscreen system. Make any necessary adjustments before proceeding with the siding installation.
Siding Options for Use with Furring Strips
Many different types of siding can be used with furring strips, each with its own unique advantages and disadvantages. Here are some popular options:
Wood Siding
Wood siding is a classic and timeless choice that offers a natural and warm aesthetic. It’s available in a variety of styles, including clapboard, shingle, and board-and-batten. Wood siding is relatively easy to work with and can be painted or stained to match any desired color scheme. However, it requires regular maintenance to prevent rot and insect damage. Proper installation with furring strips is crucial for ensuring that the wood siding is properly ventilated and protected from moisture.
Fiber Cement Siding
Fiber cement siding is a durable and low-maintenance option that mimics the look of wood siding without the associated drawbacks. It’s resistant to rot, insects, and fire, making it a long-lasting and reliable choice. Fiber cement siding is also relatively inexpensive and can be painted or stained to match any desired color scheme. It’s heavier than wood siding, so it requires more effort to install. Proper installation with furring strips is essential for ensuring that the fiber cement siding is properly supported and ventilated.
Vinyl Siding
Vinyl siding is a popular and affordable option that is known for its low maintenance and ease of installation. It’s available in a wide variety of colors and styles, and it’s resistant to rot, insects, and fading. However, vinyl siding is not as durable as wood or fiber cement siding, and it can be damaged by extreme weather conditions. It’s also not as environmentally friendly as other siding options. When installing vinyl siding with furring strips, it’s important to follow the manufacturer’s recommendations for spacing and fastening to ensure that the siding is properly supported and ventilated.
Metal Siding
Metal siding, typically made of aluminum or steel, is a durable and long-lasting option that is resistant to rot, insects, and fire. It’s also relatively lightweight and easy to install. Metal siding is available in a variety of colors and styles, and it can be painted or powder-coated to match any desired color scheme. However, metal siding can be more expensive than other siding options, and it can be susceptible to dents and scratches. Proper installation with furring strips is crucial for ensuring that the metal siding is properly insulated and ventilated.
Stone or Brick Veneer
While technically a veneer, these materials can also be used with a furring strip system, although the installation process differs somewhat. Instead of directly attaching to the sheathing, the veneer is typically adhered to a cement board or other substrate that is then attached to the furring strips. This creates a rainscreen behind the veneer, providing the same benefits of ventilation and drainage as with other siding materials. This option offers a more substantial and high-end look, but it’s also more expensive and requires specialized installation techniques.
Maintaining Furring Strip Siding
While furring strip siding is designed to be durable and long-lasting, it still requires regular maintenance to ensure optimal performance and longevity. Here are some key maintenance considerations:
Regular Inspections
Periodically inspect the siding for signs of damage, such as cracks, chips, or loose fasteners. Pay close attention to areas around windows and doors, as these are common entry points for water. Also, check for signs of insect infestation or wood rot, especially in areas where the siding is in contact with the ground. Address any problems promptly to prevent them from escalating.
Cleaning
Regularly clean the siding to remove dirt, dust, and mildew. Use a mild soap and water solution and a soft-bristled brush. Avoid using harsh chemicals or abrasive cleaners, as these can damage the siding. Rinse thoroughly with water to remove any soap residue. Pressure washing can be used, but it’s important to use a low-pressure setting and to avoid spraying water directly into the seams between the siding panels.
Sealing and Painting
If the siding is painted or stained, it will need to be resealed or repainted periodically to protect it from the elements. Follow the manufacturer’s recommendations for the type of paint or stain to use and the frequency of application. Before painting or staining, thoroughly clean the siding and remove any loose paint or debris. Apply a primer before painting to ensure that the paint adheres properly. Choose high-quality paints and stains that are designed for exterior use and that are resistant to fading and weathering.
Preventing Moisture Damage
Take steps to prevent moisture from accumulating around the siding. Ensure that gutters and downspouts are properly functioning and that they are diverting water away from the foundation. Trim back any vegetation that is touching the siding, as this can trap moisture and promote mold growth. Also, make sure that the ground around the foundation is properly graded to ensure that water drains away from the house.
Insect Control
Take steps to prevent insect infestation. Keep the area around the foundation clear of debris and vegetation. Inspect the siding regularly for signs of insect damage and treat any infestations promptly. Consider using insect-resistant building materials, such as pressure-treated lumber or metal furring strips.
Furring Strip Siding Design Ideas
Furring strip siding is not just a functional element; it can also be a design feature that adds visual interest and character to your home’s exterior. Here are some design ideas to consider:
Vertical Siding
Installing siding vertically can create a sense of height and grandeur. This is a particularly effective choice for smaller homes or homes with low rooflines. Combine vertical siding with horizontal siding in certain areas to create visual contrast and highlight architectural features.
Board and Batten
Board and batten siding is a classic and rustic style that features wide vertical boards with narrow strips (battens) covering the seams. This style can be used to create a farmhouse or country-inspired look. Vary the width of the boards and battens to create different visual effects.
Shiplap Siding
Shiplap siding, typically associated with interior design, can also be used on exterior walls. Shiplap features interlocking planks with a rabbeted edge that creates a tight and seamless fit. This style can be used to create a modern or coastal-inspired look. Use different paint colors or stains to highlight the individual planks.
Mix and Match Materials
Combine different siding materials to create a unique and visually appealing exterior. For example, you could use wood siding on the upper portion of the house and stone veneer on the lower portion. Or, you could use different colors or styles of siding on different parts of the house to highlight architectural features. Consider the overall style of your home and choose materials that complement each other.
Creating Shadow Lines
Use different thicknesses of furring strips to create shadow lines in the siding. This can add depth and dimension to the exterior of your home. Experiment with different spacing and patterns to achieve the desired effect.
Highlighting Architectural Details
Use furring strips and siding to highlight architectural details, such as windows, doors, and gables. Frame windows and doors with contrasting colors or materials to draw attention to them. Use different styles of siding on gables to create visual interest.
Addressing Common Concerns and Misconceptions
While furring strip siding offers numerous benefits, there are also some common concerns and misconceptions associated with it. Let’s address some of these:
Cost
One common concern is the cost of furring strip siding. While the initial cost may be slightly higher than installing siding directly onto the sheathing, the long-term benefits of a rainscreen system, such as reduced maintenance costs and improved energy efficiency, can outweigh the initial investment. Also, consider the potential cost of repairing or replacing siding that has been damaged by moisture or insects due to improper installation.
Complexity of Installation
Some homeowners may be concerned about the complexity of installing furring strips. While it does require some extra steps compared to direct installation, it’s a relatively straightforward process that can be easily mastered with proper planning and attention to detail. Follow the instructions carefully and don’t hesitate to seek professional assistance if needed.
Potential for Insect Infestation
Another concern is the potential for insects to nest behind the siding. While this is a valid concern, it can be mitigated by taking preventative measures, such as using insect-resistant building materials, sealing all gaps and cracks, and regularly inspecting the siding for signs of insect infestation. Also, consider using specialized ventilation strips that are designed to prevent insects from entering the rainscreen.
Maintenance Requirements
Some homeowners may be concerned about the maintenance requirements of furring strip siding. While it does require some regular maintenance, such as cleaning and sealing, it’s generally less maintenance-intensive than siding that is installed directly onto the sheathing. The rainscreen system helps to protect the siding from moisture and insects, reducing the need for frequent repairs and replacements.
Conclusion
Furring strip siding is a valuable investment for any homeowner looking to improve the durability, energy efficiency, and aesthetic appeal of their home’s exterior. By creating a rainscreen system, furring strips provide essential ventilation and drainage, protecting the siding from moisture damage and extending its lifespan. While the initial cost may be slightly higher than direct installation, the long-term benefits outweigh the investment. With proper planning, installation, and maintenance, furring strip siding can provide years of reliable performance and enhance the beauty of your home. By understanding the principles behind rainscreen technology and carefully selecting the right materials and techniques, you can create a durable, energy-efficient, and visually stunning exterior that will protect your home for years to come. Whether you choose wood, metal, plastic, or composite furring strips, the key is to prioritize proper ventilation, drainage, and secure fastening to ensure the long-term performance and aesthetic appeal of your siding system. From classic board and batten to modern shiplap, the design possibilities are endless, allowing you to create a truly unique and personalized exterior that reflects your individual style and enhances the curb appeal of your home.